Lack of sleep can up risk of type 2 diabetes

LONDON: Those who sleep less are at a higher risk of diabetes. Lack of sleep has been found to elevate levels of free fatty acids in the blood accompanied by temporary pre-diabetic conditions in healthy young men.

"We have found connections between restricted sleep, weight gain and type 2 diabetes," said Esra Tasali, assistant professor of medicine at the University of Chicago and senior author of the study. "Experimental laboratory studies, like ours help us unravel the mechanisms that may be responsible."

The study is the first to examine the impact of sleep loss on 24-hour fatty acid levels in the blood.

It adds to emerging evidence that insufficient sleep -- a highly prevalent condition in modern society -- may disrupt fat metabolism and reduce the ability of insulin to regulate blood sugars. It suggests that something as simple as getting enough sleep could help counteract the current epidemics of diabetes and obesity.

The researchers found that after three nights of getting only four hours of sleep, blood levels of fatty acids, which usually peak and then recede overnight, remained elevated from about 4 am to 9 am. As long as fatty acid levels remained high, the ability of insulin to regulate blood sugars was reduced.

The researchers recruited 19 healthy male subjects between the ages of 18 and 30. These volunteers were monitored through two scenarios in randomized order. In one they got a full night's rest -- 8.5 hours in bed (averaging 7.8 hours asleep) during four consecutive nights. In the other they spent just 4.5 hours in bed (averaging 4.3 hours asleep) for four consecutive nights. The two studies were spaced at least four weeks apart.

Each subject's sleep was carefully monitored, diet was strictly controlled and blood samples were collected at 15 or 30 minute intervals for 24 hours, starting on the evening of the third night of each study. They found that sleep restriction resulted in a 15 to 30% increase in late night and early morning fatty acid levels.

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