The study, led by Dr Joel Ray of St Michael's Hospital, looked at 51 studies on the links between BMI (bady mass index) and deaths from any cause, plus data on newborn weight and stillbirths in Ontario. He found that adults who are underweight - with a BMI under 18.5 or less - have a 1.8 times higher risk of dying than those with a "normal" BMI of 18.5 to 24.9.
The risk of dying is 1.2 times higher for people who are obese (BMI of 30-34.9) and 1.3 times higher for those who are severely obese (a BMI of 35 or higher).
Common causes for being underweight include malnourishment, heavy alcohol or drug use, smoking, low-income status, mental health or poor self-care. "BMI reflects not only body fat, but also muscle mass. If we want to continue to use BMI in health care and public health initiatives, we must realize that a robust and healthy individual is someone who has a reasonable amount of body fat and also sufficient bone and muscle," Dr Ray said. He feels waist circumference is a better indicator of health than BMI.
Dr Ray also said that as society aims to curb the obesity epidemic, "we have obligation to ensure that we avoid creating an epidemic of underweight adults and fetuses who are otherwise at the correct weight. We are, therefore, obliged to use the right measurement tool."
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