NEW DELHI: Indians consume about 3.7 grams of sodium, corresponding to about 9.3 grams of salt per day. This is nearly twice the amount recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The positive side is that salt (or sodium) consumption has declined slightly in India between 1990 and 2010.
This was revealed in a new global study, the first of its kind, published on 23 December in the scientific journal BMJ Open. The researchers used the largest set of primary data sources yet compiled to derive estimates for all countries for 1990 and 2010.
The global average salt intake in 2010 was around 10 grams per person per day, corresponding to 4 grams per day of sodium, according to the study. The study also reveals major regional variations around this global average.
In 181 of 187 countries (corresponding to 99.2% of the world adult population) studied by researchers led by the University of Cambridge and Harvard School of Public Health, national intakes exceeded the WHO recommended intake of 2 grams per day of sodium (about 5 grams per day of salt). In 119 countries (88.3% of the world's adult population), the national intake exceeded this recommended amount by more than 1 gram per day of sodium.
"Nearly all populations across the world are consuming far more sodium than is healthy," said Dr Dariush Mozaffarian, from the Harvard School of Public Health. 'Clearly, strong government policies are needed, together with industry cooperation and collaboration, to substantially reduce sodium.'
High or low salt diets are both harmful, earlier studies have found. The risk of heart attacks, strokes, congestive heart failure, and death from heart disease increased significantly when people consume more than 7 grams or less than 3 grams of sodium a day. As lower sodium levels decrease, triglyceride levels increase, which leads to increased insulin resistance and thus increased risk of heart disease.
The new study also reveals major regional variations around this global average, as Dr John Powles, from the University of Cambridge's Department of Public Health and Primary Care explained: "Highest intakes are found in regions lying along the old Silk Road - from East Asia, through Central Asia to Eastern Europe and the Middle East."
The Chinese consume 4.8 grams of sodium (12 g salt) per day. Many countries in Central Asia are taking sodium through salt in excess of 5 grams per day.
A recent study commissioned by the US based Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)had found that there is no benefit of reducing salt intake to below 2.3 g per day. "The committee found no consistent evidence to support an association between sodium intake and either a beneficial or adverse effect on most health outcomes," the researchers wrote.
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